Impact of conflict on Lebanon’s food industry: Challenges, needs, and emergency response

Aline Issa; Samar Merhi; Jessy El Hayek Fares; Elie Bou Yazbeck; Marc Bou Zeidan

doi:10.5304/jafscd.2026.152.017

Authors

Aline Issa Notre Dame University-Louaize
Samar Merhi Notre Dame University-Louaize
Jessy El Hayek Fares Notre Dame University-Louaize
Elie Bou Yazbeck Holy Spirit University of Kaslik
Marc Bou Zeidan Notre Dame University-Louaize, and QOOT Lebanese Agrifood Cluster

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5304/jafscd.2026.152.017

Keywords:

sustainability, food industry, agri-food enterprises, small businesses, emergency preparedness, conflict zones, risk, challenges, Lebanon

Abstract

Against the backdrop of compounded crises, economic collapse, COVID-19, and violent conflict, Lebanon’s food system has become increasingly vulnerable. This study examines war’s impact on Lebanon’s agri-food small and medium enterprises (SMEs), the backbone of its food industry and economic resilience. This study evaluates the impact of war on operational aspects and identifies key recovery priorities by employing a quantitative survey of members of the QOOT cluster, Lebanon’s leading agri-food business network. The results show widespread disruption, with significant challenges in financial performance and market access. Other major concerns include supply chain disruptions, workforce issues, and infrastructure damage. Key business needs identified include emergency financial assistance, alternative market and supplier connections, enhanced workforce safety, and infrastructural support. The findings reveal vulnerability in Lebanon’s agricultural sector due to geopolitical shocks and the urgent need for emergency responses focusing on resilience, diversification, workforce protection, and infrastructure. This research guides humanitarian and development efforts to safeguard food security and economic sustainability.